Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from being a futuristic concept to an active part of classrooms across the United States. From adaptive learning platforms to AI-powered lesson planning, schools are integrating technology to improve learning outcomes and ease teacher workloads. However, the challenge lies in adopting these tools without violating federal and state regulations.
Federal guidance: Innovation with safeguards
In July 2025, the US Department of Education issued guidance confirming that AI can be used in schools when aligned with federal laws. The framework focuses on three core principles—privacy, equity, and human oversight.AI tools must comply with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) to protect student data. Algorithms should be designed to prevent bias or discrimination under civil rights regulations. Human decision-making must remain central, ensuring that AI supports educators rather than replacing them.The Department also encouraged schools seeking federal grants to propose AI-driven projects, provided they meet these compliance standards.
State-level action: Rapid policy development
Since the federal guidance, more than half of US states have introduced their own AI frameworks for schools. Ohio now mandates that all districts adopt an AI-use policy by mid-2026, while Rhode Island has published detailed recommendations for responsible classroom integration.These local rules aim to ensure innovation while safeguarding student interests. However, the pace of policy development and the diversity of approaches have created a complex regulatory environment for schools.
Mixed practices at the local level
Despite progress, many districts still operate in a gray area. Policies differ widely between schools, and families often face uncertainty about what is permissible. Some institutions allow AI on personal devices while banning it on school-owned systems. In certain cases, schools have reverted to traditional measures, such as requiring handwritten essays in class to prevent AI-assisted work.This variation highlights the need for consistent guidelines and clear communication with students and parents.
AI as a classroom resource
Educators are increasingly using AI as a tool for efficiency and creativity. AI platforms assist in lesson planning, assessment design, and content generation, enabling teachers to save significant time on administrative work. These efficiencies allow more focus on interactive teaching and student engagement.AI-powered tutoring systems are also being introduced to provide personalised support, particularly for students who need extra academic help. States such as New Hampshire are experimenting with AI-driven tools to enhance math and reading instruction.
Responsible AI use: Best practices for schools
To remain compliant and maximise benefits, schools should adopt structured approaches to AI integration:
- Personalised Learning: Use adaptive platforms to tailor lessons while ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.
- Teacher Support: Allow educators to use AI for planning and administrative tasks with mandatory human review.
- Assessment Integrity: Shift from take-home essays to in-class writing or oral presentations to discourage misuse.
- Career Guidance: Deploy AI-driven counselling tools while retaining human oversight for final decisions.
Managing risks and ensuring compliance
AI adoption brings challenges that schools must address proactively:
- Bias Prevention: Regular audits are necessary to eliminate algorithmic bias.
- Privacy Protection: All tools should meet FERPA standards and undergo security checks.
- Avoiding Over-Reliance: AI should support, not replace, teacher judgment in academic and disciplinary matters.
Comprehensive district-level policies, continuous teacher training, and stakeholder engagement are essential for responsible use.
The road ahead
The Department of Education is collecting public feedback on AI-related policies and exploring ways to integrate AI into its own operations. States will continue rolling out new requirements in the coming months, making 2025 a critical year for AI in education.The future of AI in classrooms depends on a balanced approach—leveraging its potential to improve learning while upholding legal and ethical standards. Schools that integrate AI responsibly will not only enhance student outcomes but also prepare learners for a technology-driven world.
